Sunspots 996

 

Gizmodo reports on betting on Christ's return.

NPR points out two simple tests to tell us if food is ultra-processed,

The Naturalis Historia blog has a solid post on how Ken Ham and Answers in Genesis have dismissed the strong Christian faith of the founders of the science of geology.

NPR on why we say "um" so much.

Also from NPR, a report that the Food and Drug Administration has acted to make genetic therapy on patients with rare diseases more treatable.

Thanks for looking!

Sunspots 932

Things I have recently spotted that may be of interest to others*

Christianity: NPR reports that some really large churches are growing even larger.

Environment: (or something) NPR reports that a Burmese python, over 19 feet long, was caught in Florida.

Another report, from the Tampa Bay Times, says that a different Burmese python, in Florida, had laid 111 eggs.

Health: (and Christianity, and politics) A Conversation article discusses the influence of religious belief on whether you get COVID vaccine.

Humor: (or something) Grammarphobia discusses words related to bobby, as in bobby socks, bobby pin.

Politics: NPR interviews an author who has written a book about how crack cocaine harmed African-Americans.

FiveThirtyEight tells us about some creative (and possibly illegal) ways that Republican presidential candidates are trying to raise enough money, from enough donors, to be included in a debate.

A Conversation writer tells us about Target Letters from the Justice Department.

Science: NPR reports on a company that is trying to turn stem cells into human eggs.

SciTcchDaily reports on the use of genetic engineering to improve the usefulness of the fibers in trees.

Gizmodo reports that a French woman was struck by a meteorite. (She was bruised)

*I try not to include items that require a password or fee to view.

Thanks for reading.

 

Sunspots 926

Things I have recently spotted that may be of interest to others*:

Computing: Gizmodo reports that the US Marshals have been hacked.

Gizmodo also reports that there's a printer that prints chocolate constructions.

Gizmodo also reports that Chuck-E-Cheese is still using floppy disks to run its game machines!

Finances: (or something) A Conversation writer argues that buses are the cure for urban transportation woes.

(and humor) NPR posts about tooth fairy inflation.

Health: (and ethics) A woman is to be arrested for refusing to be effectively treated for tuberculosis.

The Conversation discusses in-family aggressive behavior -- in other words, bullying a sibling. It is actually more common than "regular" bullying.

Politics: A Yahoo! commentator takes on Marjorie Taylor Greene's suggestion that the US split into two countries.

A Conversation article tells us that the caste system is, unfortunately, alive and well in the US.

(and computing) Gizmodo reports on lots of Twitter bots, backing former President Trump, and attacking various non-Trumpists.

Science: Gizmodo reports on the development of really white paint (which really cuts down on the amount of heat absorbed from sunlight.)

USA Today reports that Japan has hundreds of tiny islands that it didn't know were there.

Gizmodo reports that some humans were riding domesticated horses about 5000 BC.

(and ethics) NPR reports on discussions of whether to alter human genes.

*I try not to include items that require a password or fee to view.

Thanks for reading.

Sunspots 920

Things I have recently spotted that may be of interest to others*:

Christianity: A Christianity Today writer says that the American church should celebrate diversity, not shun it.

Computing: The US State Department is changing fonts/typefaces, and not everyone is happy about it.

Gizmodo gives us a primer on ChatGPT, the artificial intelligence tool.

Education: (and computing) a Gizmodo author argues that teachers should adapt to writing generated by artificial intelligence, rather than trying to stamp that out.

Finances: NPR tells us why the price of eggs has gone up so much.

Politics: A writer for The Conversation analyzes Florida Governor DeSantis's injustice denial.

Science: Gizmodo reports that the amount of artificial light at night is rapidly making it more difficult to see stars.

NPR reports that we may be choosing the wrong kinds of stones to skip across water.

According to the MIT Technology Review, an alligator gene has been added to catfish, making them more resistant to infections. (Lots of catfish are eaten in the US).

*I try not to include items that require a password or fee to view.

Thanks for reading.

Sunspots 896

Things I have recently spotted that may be of interest to others*:

Christianity: Ken Schenck writes about what the Bible says about gender and sex.

Education: A Conversation post on why there is a teacher shortage.

Food: (and Science) Gizmodo reports on developments in lab-grown fish sticks.

Health: (or something) Gizmodo reports that a surgery-performing robot is about to be tested in the International Space Station.

Gizmodo reports that UPS drivers are enduring dangerous heat. There's no A/C  in the trucks, and the rear part of the trucks (where most of the packages are) can get really hot.

Science: A Conversation writer tells us about coyotes in urban environments.

SciTechDaily reports that human genes have been transferred to yeast cells, and apparently work just fine.

Sports: C. Vivian Stringer, first African-American college coach to win 1000 games, has retired.

*I try not to include items that require a password or fee to view.

Thanks for reading.

Sunspots 887

Things I have recently spotted that may be of interest to others*:

Computing: This blog linked to a report, last week, that simulated rape and other crimes are happening in the Metaverse, the supposed eventual successor to Facebook. Here's another report on the same incidents.

Education: Grammarphobia tells us why a coward is referred to as a "chicken."

Environment: Gizmodo reports that water use restrictions have appeared in southern California, and that more stringent ones may be needed. Other states are affected, too.

Finances: (or something) Gizmodo and  Electrek report that Elon Musk is requiring all employees to work 40 hours or more per week at their offices.

Health: CNN reports that scientists are close to more widespread use of successful replacement of "bad" genes in people.

Science: The Scientist discusses monogamy in animals. It is rather wide-spread, although social monogamy (staying together) is more common than sexual monogamy.

The Scientist reports on the largest organism ever found -- a seagrass clone off the coast of Australia.

Sports: (and finance) ESPN reports that LeBron James is now worth over a billion dollars.

The graphic used in these posts is from NASA, hence, it is free to use like this.

*I try not to include items that require a password or fee to view.

Thanks for reading.

Sunspots 853

Things I have recently spotted that may be of interest to others*:

Environment: Gizmodo considers the question of whether city living or country living is easier on the environment.

Health: (and Computing) Gizmodo reports on a watch that alerts you to breathing issues, including sleep apnea.

Politics: (And Christianity) an article on the dangers of populism, which affects both the left and the right.

Science: NPR reports that the ivory-billed woodpecker, and other species, have been declared extinct.

NPR also reports on a gene editing experiment that worked.

The Scientist reports on a study showing that barnacles don't always stay in the same place.

Relevant reports that bumblebees have disappeared from eight states. The states are widely distributed.

The graphic used in these posts is from NASA, hence, it is free to use like this.

*I try not to include items that require a password or fee to view.

Thanks for reading.

 

Sunspots 842

Things I have recently spotted that may be of interest to others*:

Education: Grammarphobia discusses the origin of the phrase "tossing and turning."

Environment: NPR on recycling plastic -- what really helps, and what doesn't.

Gizmodo on why TV news does such a bad job at reporting on climate change.

Gizmodo also reports that poor neighborhoods, all over the USA, suffer more from heat waves.

And Gizmodo reports on how wild hogs are having a serious effect on climate.

Gizmodo also reports on the environmental costs of shipping goods into North America.

Ethics: (and Science) Gizmodo reports on guidelines for human genetic engineering, produced by a World Health Organization group. In summary, the group is not ready to approve such procedures.

Science: (or something) Relevant reports on a survey that indicates that most couples become romantically involved after months or years as friends, rather than falling in love the first time they see each other.

The graphic used in these posts is from NASA, hence, it is free to use like this.

*I try not to include items that require a password or fee to view.

Thanks for reading. 

Sunspots 833

Things I have recently spotted that may be of interest to others:

Computing: Gizmodo reports that Colonial Pipeline had posted a job opening for a cybersecurity manager, a week or so before the ransomware attack that cut gasoline supplies down.

NPR interviews a company that helps negotiate with criminals after a ransomware attack.

Environment: Gizmodo reports on how ineffective the Environmental Protection Agency has been, during the Trump administration, and before.

Health: NPR reports that a dozen people are responsible for most of the anti-vaccination disinformation available on social networks. These people have, and will, contribute to COVID (and other diseases) deaths.

(and Computing) NPR reports on likely links between social media use and depression, among children and youth.

Science: The Scientist reports that children with severe combined immunodeficiency have been successfully treated with gene therapy, with a virus placing a normal gene in them. Treatment helps for at least a few years, and, we hope, for life.

Gizmodo reports that a system for generating characters by thought alone (in a paralyzed man) is quite effective, and surprisingly rapid. In other words, he's typing with his brain. See also report in The Scientist.

Gizmodo also reports on spectacular recently published photos of  Jupiter.

ScienceAlert reports that we would need several years to deflect an asteroid headed for earth.

Gizmodo seeks answers to the question of why birds and insects are often vividly colored, while mammals are not. (Did you ever see a blue one?)

The graphic used in these posts is from NASA, hence, it is free to use like this.

Thanks for looking!

Sunspots 811

Things I have recently spotted that may be of interest to someone else:

Christianity: A Christianity Today article indicates that, although many people are cautious about altering our genes, evangelical Christians are more skeptical than the general public.

A Relevant article considers the question of whether God may have created (or allowed) intelligent beings on other worlds. (There are about 2 trillion galaxies, and it is supposed that there are many possibly habitable planets in most or all of these.

Relevant also reports that Beth Moore, an evangelical leader, has spoken out against "Trumpism." (And "Bidenism.")

(And politics) Relevant also has an article discussing Christian Nationalism.

Environment: According to a USA Today article, the total mass of all human-produced objects on earth is now greater than the total mass of living things.

(and politics) Gizmodo reports that Ryan Zinke, formerly Secretary of Interior, who facilitated removing over a million acres from Bears Ears national monument, has had an official portrait, featuring him on a horse in that monument.

(and politics) NPR reports that contractors are pushing to get as much of the border wall erected as possible, before Donald Trump leaves office. Environmental groups, and others, are against this.

(and politics) President Trump has done less to protect endangered species than any President since Johnson, according to Gizmodo.

Health: A tool to let you see how full your local hospitals are, and how many COVID patients there are.

Politics: FiveThirtyEight provides a thorough discussion of Presidential pardons.

Science: Some bees have been found to add to their colony defenses by spreading animal feces near the opening. Scientists aren't sure why this works, or if it would repel so-called murder hornets.

The graphic used in these posts is from NASA, hence, it is free to use like this.

Thanks for looking!

Sunspots 791

Things I have recently spotted that may be of interest to someone else:

Christianity: A sobering essay in Christianity Today, on how the political story we adhere to shapes our actions and attitudes more than our religious background does.

Eugene Cho on why (and how) he prayed for President Obama, and why he prays for President Trump.

Relevant has an article on Bible verses often taken out of context.

Environment: A new report, on Gizmodo, indicates that climate change may be going to be worse than we had thought, which was bad enough.

Health: (and politics) FiveThirtyEight on partisan differences in belief and behavior concerning COVID-19. The differences aren't as wide as they could be.

Science: A Gizmodo writer discusses the intelligence (or not) of dogs.

LifeHacker tells us why we can smell a fart through a mask.

Gizmodo reports that some supposedly inactive ingredients of medications may not be inactive.

Earther discusses the re-introduction of wolves into Yellowstone National Park.

NPR reports on how a boy's life is much better than it would have been, because of gene therapy.


The graphic used in these posts is from NASA, hence, it is free to use like this.

Thanks for looking!

Sunspots 787

Things I have recently spotted that may be of interest to someone else:

Christianity: Relevant reports on a poll on whether people are comfortable with going back to church.

Ken Schenck discusses Inspiration, Infallibility, and Inerrancy.

A Christianity Today writer tells us that, in the Bible, Black Lives Matter.

Education: A collection of interesting maps you've never seen before, such as what language is spoken most commonly in each US state, after English and Spanish.


Health: FiveThirtyEight discusses mask research.

Humor: Gizmo's Freeware reports on on-line jigsaw puzzles.


Politics: FiveThirtyEight has a longish article on the history of race and the Republican party.

Science: Gizmodo reports that sled dogs have been around for about 10,000 years.

Gizmodo also reports on a newly discovered ecosystem, in the ocean off the coast of Greenland.

The Scientist reports that gene editing of human embryos may be dangerous.


The graphic used in these posts is from NASA, hence, it is free to use like this.

Thanks for looking!

Sunspots 754

Things I have recently spotted that may be of interest to

someone else:

Christianity: Relevant has an article about how the Bible says to treat refugees, with Bible quotes. They missed at least one. To quote my own blog: The Bible also says, in reference to a specific refugee crisis:
Isaiah 16:3 Give counsel! Execute justice! Make your shade like the night in the middle of the noonday! Hide the outcasts! Don’t betray the fugitive! 4a Let my outcasts dwell with you! As for Moab, be a hiding place for him from the face of the destroyer. (This was in spite of the fact that the Moabites hadn’t always been good to Israel. See Joshua 24:9, Judges 3:12-30, 1 Samuel 12:9.)

(And politics) Christianity Today has an article decrying our current immigration policies. The article also points to a suggestion, endorsed by several evangelical leaders, that a path to citizenship, for illegals, be created, including restitution -- not amnesty.
 
Politics: Relevant reports that there were NO refugees settled in the US in October.

NPR on how the Chinese government is trying to control Tibetan Buddhists, for example in the recognition of the next Dalai Lama.
FiveThirtyEight discusses the electability of Pete Buttigieg, including a discussion of how his homosexuality might influence voters.
Science: The Scientist report on the use of CRISPR genetic engineering to alter cancer patients' cells, and the introduction of such altered cells back into the patients. The alterations were designed to attack cancer cells. It's not yet clear whether the treatment has successfully fought the cancer.
Gizmodo, and other outlets, report that a trap for catching mammoths has been discovered. It's a large trap.
NPR discusses the uses of Helium, the only chemical element that easily escapes the earth.


The graphic used in these posts is from NASA, hence, it is free to use like this.
 
Thanks for looking!

Sunspots 745

Things I have recently spotted that may be of interest to someone else:

Christianity: Relevant takes on the Prosperity Gospel.

Finance: Catherine Rampell discusses the effects of the Trump administration rolling back regulations, and the President's remarks about businesses that are hurt by his tariffs really suffering from bad management.

Politics: FiveThirtyEight has studied crowd size at political events, and found that polls are a better predictor than crowd size.

NPR reports that the Department of Education has been making it almost impossible for teachers to get the loan forgiveness they were promised, if they went into teaching.

NPR analyzes the likely results of the Electoral College in the 2020 presidential election.

Catherine Rampell tells us that the Trump administration has been, and is, waging a war on children, and gives us details.

Gizmodo reports on yet another survey that indicates that all Americans, including gun owners, are in favor of stricter background checks, red flag laws, and the like.

Science: Ars Technica reports that a company that genetically engineered a bull so that he wouldn't have horns also, unwittingly, placed some bacterial and plasmid genes in the bull. Thanks to one of my brothers for the information on this.

Gizmodo reports on research about what causes someone to be left-handed.

The Scientist reports on research into how bar-headed geese can fly over Everest, in spite of the low oxygen at such a high altitude.

Sports: FiveThirtyEight thinks that the NFL pre-season should be eliminated, or seriously changed.

The graphic used in these posts is from NASA, hence, it is free to use like this.
 
Thanks for looking!

Sunspots 740

Things I have recently spotted that may be of interest to someone else:

Christianity: A Relevant writer points out that worship isn't about church music.
Deborah Haarsma, of BioLogos, discusses the implications for Christians, if there is intelligent life elsewhere, or if there isn't.


Computing: Christianity Today reports on a study that indicates that we trust big technical companies less than we used to. And churches more. 

Education:  Grammarphobia discusses can not, cannot and can't.

Gizmo's Freeware tells about a phone app that uses your camera to solve math problems.

Environment: Gizmodo reports that climate change may have reached a tipping point for the Arctic.


Ethics: The Scientist tells us that a Chinese team is developing human-monkey chimeras.

Finance: Catherine Rampell is concerned about what President Trump might do to US fiscal policy.

Health: (and finance, and politics) Catherine Rampell points out that medicare-for-all plans have ignored how much we pay providers, particularly doctors. We pay about twice as much to these as Canada.

National Public Radio reports on the use of the CRISPR genetic engineering system to treat a woman with sickle-cell anemia.

Politics: FiveThirtyEight analyzes the second round of debates -- who spoke most, etc.

Relevant reports that over 50 people were shot in Chicago last weekend.

NPR has posted graphs, comparing gun death frequency in the US with that in many other countries.

FiveThirtyEight says that Republican politicians are much more resistant to gun control measures than GOP voters are.

Science: NPR reports on a study that indicates that children prefer men without beards, up until the child reaches puberty. (Note: I have a beard.)

Gizmodo reports that Japanese scientists may try to grow human pancreases, for transplant to people who need them, in pigs.

In 2006, there were 1411 tigers in India. NPR reports that the population was up to 2967 in 2018, a little more than doubling, thanks to serious steps taken by the Indian government.

The graphic used in these posts is from NASA, hence, it is free to use like this.
Thanks for looking!

Sunspots 729

Things I have recently spotted that may be of interest to someone else:

Christianity: He Lives on what legalism is, and related matters.

Christianity Today on a report that 1 in 10 young Protestants have left their churches because of sexual harassment of various kinds.
 
Finance: Catherine Rampell on how Democrats should be attacking President Trump's trade failures, but mostly aren't.

National Public Radio reports on financial problems, and lavish compensation for top people, in the National Rifle Association.

Humor: (or something) A bear, moved away from her habitat, has walked back home, traveling up to 30 miles a day, over several months, according to NPR.


Politics: S. E. Cupp thinks Elizabeth Warren is too much like President Trump, in her approach to people and institutions that disagree with her.

FiveThirtyEight analyzes poll results indicating what types of people voters would be uncomfortable with as candidates. Many, for example, say they would not be comfortable with a Presidential candidate over 70. (Donald Trump received considerable support, of course, and he turned 70 on election day, 2016)

Michael Gerson discusses the absence of a Christian Democratic party in the US. (Such parties exist, and often do well, in Europe).

Catherine Rampell discusses what might come to light when President Trump's tax returns become available, and how and why he (and others) have worked hard to keep them hidden.

Science: Gizmodo reports that there are a lot of escaped parrots -- several species -- living in the US, and doing well.

Gizmodo also reports that Escherichia coli bacteria with an artificially produced genome are viable.

The graphic used in these posts is from NASA, hence, I believe, it is public domain. 

Thanks for looking!

Sunspots 725

Things I have recently spotted that may be of interest to someone else:

Christianity:  A Sojourners writer points out that churches for African Americans in Louisiana, burned recently, were just as sacred as Notre Dame. 

Finance: Catherine Rampell reports that multinational financial institutions have quickly gotten over their outrage at the death of Jamal Khashoggi.

Food: (and politics?) NBC News, and other outlets, report that the government is planning to stop regulating how many cherries are in frozen cherry pies. Seriously.

Health: (or something) Gizmodo reports that some entity poured lots of wet concrete into the London sewer system. Bad idea.

Politics: Catherine Rampell doesn't want a question on citizenship included in the 2020 census.

On the Mueller report: NPR reports that, based on Mueller's work, there were several people, associates of the President, but did not carry out his orders to do questionable things. Good for them!

Science: Gizmodo reports on the discovery of an ancient, and very large predatory mammal.

Scientific American uses an experiment which found some cell function in pig brains, a few hours after the brains had been removed, to ask questions about when, and if, to harvest organs for transplant.

Scientific American also reports that "bubble boy" disease (a non-functioning immune system) can be fixed, by correcting mistakes in the child's own DNA.

Gizmodo reports that the US Department of Agriculture is undercutting the system of peer review of scientific reports, which system has been in place for several decades, and works.
 
The graphic used in these posts is from NASA, hence, I believe, it is public domain. 

Thanks for looking!

Germline gene modification: the issues. (Book by Jennifer Doudna)

"And all long-term exercises of power, especially in breeding, must mean the power of early generations over later ones." - C. S. Lewis, The Abolition of Man 

I have recently read a book by Jennifer Doudna, entitled A Crack in Creation: Gene Editing and the Unthinkable Power to Control Evolution. There is a co-author, but it seems clear that most of what is said came from Doudna. As the Wikipedia puts it, "Doudna has been a leading figure in what is referred to as the 'CRISPR revolution' for her fundamental work and leadership in developing CRISPR-mediated genome editing." I would expect that she will be getting a Nobel Prize in the next year or so. (She is also part owner of a company which has, or is expected to commercialize these techniques.)

CRISPR stands for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, [and] is a family of DNA sequences found within the genomes of ... organisms such as bacteria ... These sequences are derived from DNA fragments from viruses that have previously infected the [organisms] and are used to detect and destroy DNA from similar viruses during subsequent infections. Hence these sequences play a key role in the antiviral defense system of prokaryotes. (From the Wikipedia article on CRISPR.)

The discoveries of Doudna, and many others, have made it possible to use the CRISPR immune system of bacteria to make targeted changes in DNA. It's a little more complicated than this, but, basically, if you know the nucleotide sequence of the DNA you want to change, you can use CRISPR to delete as little as a single base pair, or to change small sections of DNA. The technique does not require lots of expensive equipment. This has made it possible to alter the genomes of laboratory organisms, domestic animals, crop plants, and even human cells. In a recent case, it may have been used to modify human embryos. A Chinese scientist claims to have modified twin girls so that they could not contract AIDS. The claim has been questioned, and the timing, if the report is correct, has been seriously questioned -- preliminary experiments, at least, should have been done. The Chinese government has acted to punish the scientist. Many people fear that we don't know enough about the safety of the CRISPR system. Could it be that other DNA can be altered, rather than the target, with unforseen consequences?

The book is well written, although there is a lot of name-dropping -- scientists Doudna has worked with. Documentation is good, and it is at the end of the book, where it doesn't interfere with the train of thought.

It is clear that Doudna believes that CRISPR should be used on humans, carefully, and after considerable thought and planning. (Lots of which we haven't done yet.) She even believes that, after considerable more study and experimentation, we (speaking for the majority) may come to accept alteration of germ cells in humans.

What's a germ cell? First, what isn't one? Almost all of our cells are somatic cells. That is, they are cells that do not become sperm or eggs. Somatic cells may be altered -- in fact are altered, all the time, by random mistakes in cell copying, or by agents like Ultraviolet light, or others that cause cancers. Or we remove billions of them when we take out an appendix, or some other part of us. But the offspring of people with changed somatic cells do not inherit these changes. I had a skin cancer removed from my face. If I were to get married, and my wife have a child, the child would not be more likely to have skin cancer than another baby born to a couple who had never had skin cancer. I had my tonsils out when I was a child, but my daughters were born with tonsils.

Germ cell alteration, changing the cells that produce sperm, or egg cells, would mean that an organism's offspring, for the forseeable future, would be different, in subtle or major ways, from what that organism was. And, eventually, that change might spread through an entire population, or an entire species, as more and more descendants of that organism appeared.

Why not encourage germ cell alteration? There are some possible objections:

It's unnatural. But so are lots of things that most of us take for granted, such as eyeglasses, Caesarean sections and other surgery, antibiotics made from fungi, artificial limbs, and much more, which are unnatural -- not the way things would be without deliberate action by humans. Unless there's some safety problem, such as if eyeglasses caused cancer, or the procedure or apparatus is prohibitively expensive, there doesn't seem to be a good reason to object to these types of things.

There was a time when the use of anesthetics was considered to be unnatural, and one when vaccination for smallpox (using material from cows) was so considered. Hardly anyone thinks that way now.

C. S. Lewis, for one, would have thought the idea unnatural -- see the opening quotation.

It might lead to ethical problems. Doudna points out that it might be possible for wealthy or powerful people to have germ cell alteration in the early embryos they have as their offspring, and thus to make class differences of power or money even more pronounced, by having more intelligent, talented, athletic, or disease-resistant descendants, because of genetic changes. (Intelligence is not easy to pinpoint, and is not simply inherited, and it's doubtful that we could modify an embryo to make it more intelligent, even if we badly wanted to, at present. Maybe never. But it's an example of something that might lead to class differentiation by inheritance, in addition to the class disparity problems that already exist.)

An ethical problem that Doudna doesn't consider a lot is the likelihood that human embryos will be produced, and discarded, which would be a serious ethical problem for many people. There are some embryos that are produced during in vitro fertilization that are not able to develop much past fertilization, and these might be used in experiments without cutting off the potential life of an embryo. But, of course, this begs the question of whether in vitro fertilization should be allowed.

There's the question of safety. By this, Doudna means that unforeseen consequences, changes in DNA that weren't planned, might be possible. It seems impossible to know about this possibility without engaging in extensive laboratory experiments.

So why should anyone want to do germ line alteration with CRISPR? It might, in fact has, produced crops and animals that are beneficial to us, cows with more muscle and less fat, for example. But the most important possibility is that an inherited disease might be eliminated, in some people, or in humans as a whole. An acquaintance of mine recently passed away because she had Huntington's disease, which is inherited. If the germ cells of people with this terrible condition could be modified, the disease could theoretically be eliminated, except for persons having it because of a new mutation. Doudna has spoken to people who are parents of children with genetic diseases, and they are much in favor of moving toward use of CRISPR to attack such conditions.

The Golden Rule of Matthew 7:12 says "Therefore whatever you desire for men to do to you, you shall also do to them; for this is the law and the prophets." This could be taken as guidance toward developing the technology, and using it to eliminate genetic diseases. However, on the other hand, it may be taken as guidance toward not doing anything that would harm a human embryo. See here for a discussion of abortion, in light of the Bible, a related topic.

The scientific community, with lots of input from others, has already considered the potential risks and benefits of altering genes, in bacteria and other organisms. One part of such consideration was the Asilomar Conference on recombinant DNA, in 1975. This led to a general consensus as to what kinds of work could be done, and what safety precautions should be used, and there have, to date, been no disasters because of recombinant DNA research.

I'm not aware of any conferences on human cloning, but the scientific community, at large, seems to have decided that such procedures simply shouldn't be done, and it is doubtful that they have been done. If they had, they would have led to an adult human with the same genes as some previous one.

Doudna and others, including some participants in the Asilomar Conference, met a couple of years ago, and collaborated on a document, "A prudent path forward for genomic engineering and germline gene modification," in April of 2015. This document has been published elsewhere, including here.

The following recommendations are given at the end of the article:

1. Strongly discourage, even in those countries with lax jurisdictions where it might be permitted, any attempts at germline genome modification for clinical application in humans, while societal, environmental, and ethical implications of such activity are discussed among scientific and governmental organizations. (In countries with a highly developed bioscience capacity, germline genome modification in humans is currently illegal or tightly regulated.) This will enable pathways to responsible uses of this technology, if any, to be identified.
2. Create forums in which experts from the scientific and bioethics communities can provide information and education about this new era of human biology, the issues accompanying the risks and rewards of using such powerful technology for a wide variety of applications including the potential to treat or cure human genetic disease, and the attendant ethical, social, and legal implications of genome modification.
3. Encourage and support transparent research to evaluate the efficacy and specificity of CRISPR-Cas9 genome engineering technology in human and nonhuman model systems relevant to its potential applications for germline gene therapy. Such research is essential to inform deliberations about what clinical applications, if any, might in the future be deemed permissible.
4. Convene a globally representative group of developers and users of genome engineering technology and experts in genetics, law, and bioethics, as well as members of the scientific community, the public, and relevant government agencies and interest groups—to further consider these important issues, and where appropriate, recommend policies.

National Public Radio and other sources report that the World Health Organization has appointed a group to establish "uniform guidelines for editing human DNA in ways that can be passed down to future generations." Doudna is not part of the group. That group seems to fulfill item 4 in the above list. (I checked the WHO web site on February 15, 2019, and was unable to find any reference to this group.)

How CRISPR works:
Vox has published an explanation of how CRISPR works, with graphics, and lists some of the things it might be used for.  Carl Zimmer, noted science writer, wrote another article on CRISPR, which, although a little older than the Vox article, is a fine introduction to how CRISPR was discovered, and how it works. This is the Wikipedia article, which is more technical than the others linked above.

Thanks for reading. We have responsibilities to other people, less fortunate than we are. Perhaps, in the near future, we may decide that those responsibilities are best carried out by somatic or germline DNA modification. May God help us.

Thanks for reading! 

Note: on February 20, 2019, I ran across an article that discusses most or all of the ethical issues involved in germline gene modification. It may be read here.

Sunspots 709

Things I have recently spotted that may be of interest to someone else:

The Arts: Christianity: (and Education) Ken Schenck tells us 10 top reasons for going to a Christian college.

Relevant quotes from Queen Elizabeth's Christmas message, which included some preaching!

(and Science) David Heddle points out a serious problem for young-earth creationists -- how did so many species come about after the flood?


Education: NPR reports that many teachers are using the Harry Potter books in class. The series was published in the US about 20 years ago. (I have posted about the series, which I like, and think kids should be encouraged to read, here and elsewhere.)

Finance: Catherine Rampell says that the Trump administration's recent handling of the financial system is about as competent as if they had been the Keystone Kops.

The Motley Fool on the future of Social Security.

Politics: Catherine Rampell on how President Trump did not stick to agreements before he became President, and doesn't do so now.

Michael Gerson thinks the Wall is not a good idea. He says it's not a Reagan-like idea.

The Associated Press fact-checks the President on the children who have died while in Border Patrol custody, and, of course, he has twisted these facts.

Science: Listverse tells us about 10 strange species of birds, and their habits and appearance.

A clear and understandable guide to what CRISPR is, why it's important, and the possible dangers, in Vox. I thank one of my brothers for bringing this article to my attention.

Sports: I missed Bob Cousy's 90th birthday, in 2018. Here's a video of some of his best basketball passing. Amazing!


The graphic used in these posts is from NASA, hence, I believe, it is public domain.

Thanks for looking!

Sunspots 705

Things I have recently spotted that may be of interest to someone else:

Education: A Scientific American writer argues that STEM education and the other liberal arts are all essential.

Ethics: (and Science) A Chinese scientist, who says he altered genes in two baby girls, while they were embryos, has faced lots of outcry, on ethical grounds, and because what he did was not generally perceived to have been wise. For more on this matter, also from NPR, see here. Gizmodo reports that the Chinese government has shut down these experiments. Scientific American asks some important questions about this episode.

Food: NPR tells us how much protein we need, and whether or not we are likely to be getting it.

Politics: NPR says that the number of unauthorized immigrants is the lowest in a decade.

Relevant reports that more white evangelical Christians believe that climate change is real, than the percentage of Republicans who do.

FiveThirtyEight provides a chart, showing that the Mueller investigation, far from being a fruitless "witch hunt," has resulted in more indictments and pleas over a shorter time than any like investigation since Watergate.

Listverse tells us about 10 important episodes in the career of the late President George H. W. Bush.

Science: Earther on possible ways to protect coral reefs through technological intervention.

Gizmodo reports on a female albatross, in the wild, who is at least 69 years old, and raised a chick last year, and has laid an egg this year.

Gizmodo, and other outlets, report that some spiders feed their young with a milk-like substance.


The graphic used in these posts is from NASA, hence, I believe, it is public domain. 

Thanks for looking!